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內容摘要:論文:金釵石斛化學成分的研究作者:李玉鵬,蔣金和,劉瑩,陳業高【摘要】目的研究金釵石斛的化學成分,為闡明其活性成分提供依據。方法利用乙醇進行提取,矽膠柱層析、製備薄層層析和Sephadex LH-20柱層析進行分離純化,波譜分析(核磁共振氫譜、碳譜和質譜)確定結構。結果...
:化學成分的研究
作者:李玉鵬,蔣金和,劉瑩,陳業高
【摘要】目的研究的化學成分,為闡明其活性成分提供依據。方法利用乙醇進行提取,矽膠柱層析、製備薄層層析和Sephadex LH-20柱層析進行分離純化,波譜分析(核磁共振氫譜、碳譜和質譜)確定結構。結果分離並鑑定了4個化合物,分別為: moscatin (Ⅰ), gigantol (II), batatasin III (III), stigmasterol (IV)。結論化合物Ⅰ為首次從該植物中得到。
【關鍵詞】 ; 化學成分; moscatin
ChinaAbstract:ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents from Dendrobium nobile Lindl and to obtain a more understanding of its active principles. MethodsCompounds were extracted with ethanol and isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, PTLC and Sephadex LH-20, and the structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (1H NMR, 13C NMR and EIMS). ResultsFour compounds were obtained and identified as moscatin (1), gigantol (II), batatasin III (III) and stigmasterol (IV). Conclusion Moscatin (1) was obtained from this plant for the first time.
Key words:Dendrobium nobile Lindl; Chemical constituents; Moscatin 石斛是常用名貴中藥材,為蘭科Orchidaceae石斛屬Dendrobium Sw.多物的新鮮或乾燥莖的統稱。我國76種石斛屬植物中有三十多種作為藥用[1],著名的有D. nobile Lindl.、D. officinale Kimura et Migo、D. huoshanense CZ Tang et S. J . Cheng等。在《神農本草經》中,石斛被列為上品,具有滋陰清熱、生津益胃、潤肺止咳、明目強身等。現代藥理研究表明,石斛還具有抗腫瘤、抗衰老、增強機體免疫力、擴張血管及抗血小板凝集等作用[2],因此石斛在臨床上及中藥複方中被廣泛應用。是《中國藥典》2005年版收載的3種藥用石斛之一,其化學成分、藥理作用和臨床應用一直倍受關注。含有生物鹼、倍半萜、聯芐、菲類、多醣等多種類型的化學成分[3~6]。藥理研究表明,的提取物具有滋陰養胃、清熱止咳、抑菌等[7]。多醣具有直接促進淋巴細胞有絲分裂的作用[8];石斛鹼具有止痛和解熱作用,可降低心率和血壓,減慢呼吸;菲類化合物具有抗癌活性。為進一步了解該植物的化學成分,我們對雲南思茅產的化學成分進行了分離和結構鑑定。全草通過溶劑提取、矽膠柱層析、製備薄層層析和Sephadex LH-20柱層析等方法共分得4個成分,經波譜分析鑑定它們的結構分別為: moscatin (I), gigantol ( II), batatasin III (III), stigmasterol (IV)(見圖1)。化合物I為首次從本植物中得到。
1 儀器與材料
ZF-II型紫外分析儀(上海顧村中實儀器廠)、Varian Mat-711質譜儀、Bruker DRX-500核磁共振儀。層析矽膠(青島海洋化工廠出品),Sephadex LH-20: 20- 80 mm (Pharmacia Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.),高效薄層層析矽膠G板(煙台化工研究院)。顯色劑為15%硫酸乙醇溶液,所用溶劑為工業純, 使用前重蒸。其它試劑為化學純或分析純,全草採自云南思茅,由雲南英茂生物技術實驗室張時剛先生鑑定。
2 方法
乾燥全草(0.15 kg), 用工業乙醇室溫浸提5次,浸出液減壓濃縮得乙醇提取物(6 g)。提取物以石油醚∶醋酸乙酯(1∶0, 10∶1, 5∶1,1∶1, 0∶1 )洗脫。薄層層析檢測,合併為4個部分。Fr. 2 (2 g)經矽膠柱層析, 以石油醚∶醋酸乙酯(20∶1, 10∶1, 5∶1, 0∶1 ) 洗脫、Sephadex LH-20柱層析(甲醇水溶液9:1)和製備薄層層析,得化合物III (6 mg),IV (25 mg); Fr3 (2.5 g)經矽膠柱層析,以氯仿∶丙酮(50∶1, 20∶1, 10 ∶1, 5∶1, 0∶1) 洗脫,Sephadex LH-20柱層析(甲醇水溶液9∶1),得化合物I (18 mg), II (12mg)。
3 結果
3.1 化合物I
白色晶體。EIMS m/z (%): 240 (M+,100), 225 (49), 197 (45), 139 (18); 1H NMR[(CD3)2CO, 500 MHz]δ: 9.54 (1H, s, 5 -OH), 9.08 (1H, s, 2-OH), 7.66 (1H, d, J= 8.8, H-9), 7.53 (1H, d, J= 8.8, H-10), 7.46 (1H, dd , J= 7.6, 7.6, H-7), 7.42 (1H, dd, J= 7.6, 2.0, H-6), 7.13 (1H, dd, J= 7.6, 2.0, H-8), 7.09 (1H, d, J= 2.4, H-1), 7.01 (1H, d, J= 2.4, H-3), 4.17 (3H, s, 4-OMe); 13C NMR [(CD3)2CO, 125MHz] δ: 157.8 (s, C-4), 156.8 (s, C-2), 155.7 (s, C-5), 137.5 (s, C-10a), 135.4 (s, C-8a), 130.2 (d, C- 7), 127.8 (d, C-9), 127.4 (d, C-10), 121.5 (d, C-8), 120.2 (s, C-4b), 117.4 (d, C-6), 114.0 ( s, C-4a), 108.3 (d, C-1),103.1 (d, C-3), 59.1 (q, 4-OMe)。與文獻對照, 確定化合物的結構為moscatin[9]。
3.2 化合物II
淺黃色油狀物。EIMS m/z (%): 274 (M+, 54), 137 (100), 122 (22),107 (9), 94 (16), 77 (11); 1H NMR [CDCl3, 500 MHz]δ: 6.87 (1H, d, J= 8.0, H-5''), 6.72 (1H, d, J= 8.0, H-6''), 6.65 (1H, s, H-2''), 6.34 (1H , s, H-4'), 6.30 (2H, s, H-2',6'), 3.87 (3H, s, 3''-OCH3),3.78(3H, s, 5'-OCH3), 2.82 (4H, m, 1,2-CH2); 13C NMR [CDCl3, 125 MHz]δ: 162.1 (s, C-5'), 157.9(s, C-3'), 147.6 (s, C-3' '), 145.8 (s,C-1'), 145.0 (s, C- 4''), 135.0 (s, C-1''), 122.3 (d, C-6''), 115.5 (d, C-2''), 112.5 (d, C-5'' ), 109.4 (d, C-2'), 108.1 (d, C-6'), 100.4 (d, C-4'), 57.2 ( q, 5'-OCH3), 56.6 (q, 3''-OCH3), 39.6 (t, C-2), 38.5 (t, C-1)。與文獻對照, 確定化合物的結構為gigantol[10]。
3.3 化合物III
淺黃色油狀物,EIMS m/z (%): 244 (M+, 30), 137 (100), 107 (43), 77 (8); 1H NMR [(CD3)2CO, 500 MHz]δ: 7.12 ( 1H, dd, J= 7.7, 7.7, H-3''), 6.73 (1H, d, J= 7.7, H-2''), 6.67 (1H, d, J=7.4, H-4'') , 6.33 (1H, s, H-6''), 6.35 (1H, s, H-4'), 6.26 (2H, s, H-2',6'), 3.73 (3H, s, 5'- OCH3), 2.82 (4H, m, 1,2-CH2); 13C NMR (CD3COCD3, 125 MHz) δ: 162.0 (s, C-5'), 159.4 (s, C-3'), 158.3 (s, C-5''), 145.1 (s, C-1'), 144.3 (s, C-1''), 130.0 (d, C-3''), 120.4(d, C-2''), 116.2 (s, C-6''), 113.7 (s, C-4''), 108.9 (s, C-2'), 106.3 (s, C-6'), 99.8 (s,C-4' ), 55.3 (q, 5'-OCH3), 38.6 (t, C-1), 38.2 (t, C-2)。與文獻對照, 確定化合物的結構為batatasin III[10]。
3.4 化合物IV
白色針狀晶體。mp 138~140 ℃ (EtOAc). EIMS m/z (rel int.) 412 [M+], (100), 369 (16), 351 (55), 300 (45), 271 (70), 255 (93 ), 213 (30), 145 (31), 91 (44); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500Mz) δ: 0.70 (3H, s, H-18), 0.79 (3H, d, J = 6.5, H-27 ), 0.80 (3H, t, J = 7.5, H-29), 0.84 (3H, d, J = 6.5, H-26), 1.01 (3H, s, H-19), 1.02 (3H, d, J = 6.5, H-21), 3.50 (1H, m, H-3), 5.02 (1H, dd, J = 15, 8.5, H-23), 5.15 (1H, dd, J = 15, 8.5, H- 22), 5.35 (1H, br d, H-6). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 125 Mz) δ: 12.0 (q, C-18), 12.2 (q, C-29), 19.0 (q, C-27 ), 19.4 (q, C-19), 21.1 (t, C-26), 21.1 (q, C-21), 21.2 (t, C-11), 24.4 (t, C-15), 25.4 (q , C-28), 28.9 (t, C-16), 29.7 (d, C-25), 31.7 (t, C-2), 31.9 (t, C-7), 31.9 (d, C-8) , 36.5 (s, C-10), 37.3 (t, C-1), 39.7 (t, C-12), 40.5 (d, C-20), 42.2 (d, C-13), 42.3 (t, C-4), 50.2 (d, C-9), 51.2 (d, C-24), 56.0 (d, C-17), 56.9 (d, C-14), 71.8 (d, C-3), 121.7 (d, C-6), 129.3 (d, C-23), 138.3 (d, C-22), 140.7 (s, C-5)。易溶於氯仿。15%H2SO4乙醇溶液顯色為紫紅色,與豆甾醇標準品進行TLC對照,在多種溶劑系統中Rf值均相同。且1H NMR, 13C NMR數據與豆甾醇一致,確定其為豆甾醇[11]。
4 討論
為最著名的石斛類藥材。本實驗所分離的moscatin (Ⅰ)系首次自中分得。我們曾從蘭科植物密花石豆蘭Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (JE Smith) Lindl中分離得到化合物1~3,並發現它們對人白血病K562、HL-60、肺癌A569、肝癌BEL-7402和胃癌SGC-7901生長有一定抑製作用[12]。本研究結果為進一步認識的活性成分提供了基礎資料。
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